RFID/NFC technologie: Definitions

RFID/NFC TECHNOLOGY

RFID and NFC are two closely related wireless communication technologies. They are used globally for a vast number of applications such as supply chain management, logistics, access control, identification, authentication, asset tracking and contactless payments.

Source: Christian Floerkemeier, Elgar Fleisch, "RFID Applications: Interfacing with Readers", IEEE Software, vol.25, no. 3, pp.67-70, May/June 2008, doi:10.1109/MS.2008.71

RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (rfid)

radio chips

RFID is a type of communication technology in which data between RFID readers/payment terminals and RFID tags (RFID transponder) of a smart card, a vehicle key or passport are exchanged using radio transmission within a distance and without any contact (wireless data transmission).
A RFID system uses radio waves to communicate.

So RFID enables a one way wireless communication, typically between an unpowered RFID tag and a powered RFID reader (interrogator) without establishing physical contact and beyond the line of sight. The transmission/transaction between RFID tag (with RFID chip) and RFID reader passes through the air on a given transmission frequency (LF, HF, UHF).

The RFID tags embedded in contactless smart cards, smart keys and passports store data which they broadcast 24/7/365.

These RFID transponders are passive and so do not have their own power source for emitting RFID signals.Instead, they are powered by the electromagnetic energy transmitted from the RFID reader for communication.

They can thereby be scanned at distances for radio data transmission.

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RADIO FREQUENCIES

RFID operates at a range of radio frequencies each with their own set standards, protocols and scan distance, for example:
/ 125 KHz LF (low frequency)
/ 13.56 MHz HF (high frequency)
/ 800-950 MHz UHF (ultra high frequency)

Each frequency range is assigned to a radio frequency band (LF, HF, UHF).

radio systems

Further components of RFID systems are often software and IT-systems, for example RFID middleware and servers with a database as backend (to process for example payment transactions or verifications).

nEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION NFC

NFC is an extension of HF RFID standards. NFC therefore shares many properties with RFID for example the communication without a direct line of sight.

There are however key differences:

/ NFC is capable of two way communication and can therefore be used for more complex interactions. It communicates both ways making data transferable to and from the chip.
/ NFC is limited to communication at close proximity (but this distance depends for example also of the power of the RFID reader).
/ Only a single NFC tag can be scanned at one time (but there is still a risk of interferences and clashes).

These properties were developed primarily to enable more secure mobile payments and it is for this reason NFC is limited to singular and close proximity interactions. An important by-product is that NFC is now available in the majority of mobile phones.

security of rfid systems

The security of RFID systems is dependent upon the cryptographic security mechanisms used, such as procedures for authentication, encryption, pseudonymization, integrity protection and access protection.

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Screen attenuation at highest levels, where fabrics can't keep up.

100 kHz, 125/134 kHz, 13.56 MHz, 433 MHz, 868 MHz, 915/950 MHz,
1800 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 3 GHz, 4 GHz

RFID technology in combination with CRYPTALLOY?

With RFID/NFC technology travellers and shoppers are discovering an inherent trade-off that must be overcome to achieve a balance between convenience, data protection and privacy. CRYPTALLOY RFID blocking material is an essential component in mastering the risks. It isolates RFID chips from its surrounding.

Manufacturers as partners of CRYPTALLOY

/ As RFID/NFC technology becomes more important to our lives with smart cards (contactless payment), smart keys and passports, electronic pickpocketing (RFID skimming), data theft, payment fraud, accidental payment, card clashes and transaction interferences become more of threat.
/ To counter that threat and so to prevent unwanted and incorrect RFID scanning, manufacturers offer to their customers a value adding security feature by using a technical RFID barrier.
/ They embed/incorporate the unique RFID blocking material of the brand CRYPTALLOY into its products as an inner layer. This material guarantees shielding performance and screen attenuation at the highest level and so keeps your personal data and financial information private, secure and safe. It blocks the communication between RFID tag and RFID reader.
/ These manufacturers in combination with a rigorous quality management system ensure that you benefit of the advantages of RFID/NFC-technology without renouncing safety and protection of your valuable data.

CRYPTALLOY cutting edge RFID chip stealth mode technology on a worldwide RFID blocking mission

/ Smart material made by CRYPTALLOY protects personal data stored on radio chips of your debit or credit card or your passport from being stolen by unwanted RFID readers.
/ La matière intelligente de CRYPTALLOY protège vos données personnelles en bloquant l'accès RFID aux puces de vos cartes de crédit, cartes de débit ou de votre passeport électronique.
/ El material inteligente de CRYPTALLOY impide que lectores RFID indeseados roben los datos personales almacenados en el chip RFID de sus tarjetas de crédito, de débito y su pasaporte electrónico.
/ Das intelligente Material von CRYPTALLOY schützt persönliche Daten, die auf RFID-Chips von Kredit-, Debitkarten und elektronischen Pässen gespeichert sind, vor dem unerwünschten Auslesen durch nicht dafür autorisierte RFID-Lesegeräte.
/ Il materiale intelligente da CRYPTALLOY protegge i dati personali memorizzati nel chip RFID della sua carta di credito, carta di debito o del suo passaporto dal furto da parte de lettori RFID indesiderati.
/ De intelligente materiaal van CRYPTALLOY beschermt persoonlijke gegevenszijn opgeslagen op de RFID-chips van uw creditkaarts, debetkaarts of uw paspoort niet gestolen worden door ongewenste RFID-lezers.

This publication contains references to products of manufacturers using CRYPTALLOY RFID blocking material in their products. Their products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of these companies or an affiliate company. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies.

Data contained in this document serves informational purposes only. The publisher shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the informations on this website (www.cryptalloy.net; www.rfid-off.com; www.nfc-off.com; www.rfidoff.com; www.nfcoff.com).

The manufacturer of the CRYPTALLOY RFID blocking film is neither the author nor the publisher of this publication and is not responsible for its content. This isn't the official website of the manufacturer. The publisher of this website is a sales partner of the manufacturer.

RFID/NFC